162 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
162 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
### Introduction
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Whenever is a Ruby gem that provides a clear syntax for writing and deploying cron jobs.
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### Installation
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$ gem install whenever
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Or with Bundler in your Gemfile.
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gem 'whenever', :require => false
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### Getting started
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$ cd /my/rails/app
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$ wheneverize .
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This will create an initial "config/schedule.rb" file you.
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### Example schedule.rb file
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every 3.hours do
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runner "MyModel.some_process"
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rake "my:rake:task"
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command "/usr/bin/my_great_command"
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end
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every 1.day, :at => '4:30 am' do
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runner "MyModel.task_to_run_at_four_thirty_in_the_morning"
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end
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every :hour do # Many shortcuts available: :hour, :day, :month, :year, :reboot
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runner "SomeModel.ladeeda"
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end
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every :sunday, :at => '12pm' do # Use any day of the week or :weekend, :weekday
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runner "Task.do_something_great"
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end
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every '0 0 27-31 * *' do
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command "echo 'you can use raw cron sytax too'"
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end
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More examples on the wiki: <http://wiki.github.com/javan/whenever/instructions-and-examples>
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### Define your own job types
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Whenever ships with three pre-defined job types: command, runner, and rake. You can define your own with `job_type`.
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For example:
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job_type :awesome, '/usr/local/bin/awesome :task :fun_level'
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every 2.hours do
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awesome "party", :fun_level => "extreme"
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end
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Would run `/usr/local/bin/awesome party extreme` every two hours. `:task` is always replaced with the first argument, and any additional `:whatevers` are replaced with the options passed in or by variables that have been defined with `set`.
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The default job types that ship with Whenever are defined like so:
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job_type :command, ":task :output"
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job_type :rake, "cd :path && RAILS_ENV=:environment rake :task :output"
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job_type :runner, "cd :path && script/runner -e :environment ':task' :output"
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If a script/rails file is detected (like in a Rails 3 app), runner will be defined to fit:
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job_type :runner, "cd :path && script/rails runner -e :environment ':task' :output"
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If a `:path` is not set it will default to the directory in which `whenever` was executed. `:environment` will default to 'production'. `:output` will be replaced with your output redirection settings which you can read more about here: <http://github.com/javan/whenever/wiki/Output-redirection-aka-logging-your-cron-jobs>
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All jobs are by default run with `bash -l -c 'command...'`. Among other things, this allows your cron jobs to play nice with RVM by loading the entire environment instead of cron's somewhat limited environment. Read more: <http://blog.scoutapp.com/articles/2010/09/07/rvm-and-cron-in-production>
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You can change this by setting your own `:job_template`.
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set :job_template, "bash -l -c ':job'"
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Or set the job_template to nil to have your jobs execute normally.
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set :job_template, nil
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And you'll see your schedule.rb converted to cron sytax. Note: running `whenever` with no options does not display your current crontab file, it simply shows you the output of converting your schedule.rb file.
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### Capistrano integration
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Use the built-in Capistrano recipe for easy crontab updates with deploys.
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In your "config/deploy.rb" file:
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require "whenever/capistrano"
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Take a look at the recipe for options you can set. <http://github.com/javan/whenever/blob/master/lib/whenever/capistrano.rb>
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For example, if you're using bundler do this:
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set :whenever_command, "bundle exec whenever"
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require "whenever/capistrano"
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If you are using different environments (such as staging, production), then you may want to do this:
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set :whenever_environment, defer { stage }
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require "whenever/capistrano"
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The capistrano variable `:stage` should be the one holding your environment name. This will make the correct `:environment` available in your schedule.rb.
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### RVM Integration
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If your production environment uses RVM (Ruby Version Manager) you will run into a gotcha that causes your cron jobs to hang. This is not directly related to Whenever, and can be tricky to debug. Your .rvmrc files must be trusted or else the cron jobs will hang waiting for the file to be trusted. A solution is to disable the prompt by adding this line to your user rvm file in `~/.rvmrc`
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rvm_trust_rvmrcs_flag=1
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This tells rvm to trust all rvmrc files, which is documented here: http://wayneeseguin.beginrescueend.com/2010/08/22/ruby-environment-version-manager-rvm-1-0-0/
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### The `whenever` command
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$ cd /my/rails/app
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$ whenever
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This will simply show you your schedule.rb file converted to cron syntax. It does not read or write your crontab file. Run `whenever --help` for a complete list of options.
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### Credit
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Whenever was created for use at Inkling (<http://inklingmarkets.com>). Their take on it: <http://blog.inklingmarkets.com/2009/02/whenever-easy-way-to-do-cron-jobs-from.html>
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Thanks to all the contributors who have made it even better: <http://github.com/javan/whenever/contributors>
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### Discussion / Feedback / Issues / Bugs
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For general discussion and questions, please use the google group: <http://groups.google.com/group/whenever-gem>
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If you've found a genuine bug or issue, please use the Issues section on github: <http://github.com/javan/whenever/issues>
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Ryan Bates created a great Railscast about Whenever: <http://railscasts.com/episodes/164-cron-in-ruby>
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It's a little bit dated now, but remains a good introduction.
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### License
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Copyright (c) 2009+ Javan Makhmali
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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
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obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
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files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
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restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
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copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
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copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
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Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
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conditions:
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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
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included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
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EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
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OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
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NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
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HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
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WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
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FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
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OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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----
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[](http://travis-ci.org/javan/whenever) |