mongo-ruby-driver/README.rdoc

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= Introduction
This is the 10gen-supported Ruby driver for MongoDB[http://www.mongodb.org].
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Here's a quick code sample. See the MongoDB Ruby Tutorial
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(http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Ruby+Tutorial) for much more.
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require 'rubygems'
require 'mongo'
include Mongo
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db = Connection.new.db('sample-db')
coll = db.collection('test')
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coll.remove
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3.times do |i|
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coll.insert({'a' => i+1})
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end
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puts "There are #{coll.count()} records. Here they are:"
coll.find().each { |doc| puts doc.inspect }
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= Installation
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The driver's gems are hosted at Rubygems.org[http://rubygems.org]. Make sure you're
using the latest version of rubygems:
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$ gem update --system
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Then you can install the mongo gem as follows:
$ gem install mongo
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For a significant performance boost, you should also install the driver's C
extensions:
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$ gem install mongo_ext
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=== From the GitHub source
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The source code is available at http://github.com/mongodb/mongo-ruby-driver.
You can either clone the git repository or download a tarball or zip file.
Once you have the source, you can use it from wherever you downloaded it or
you can install it as a gem from the source by typing
$ rake gem:install
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To install the C extensions from source, type this instead:
$ rake gem:install_extensions
That's all there is to it!
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= Examples
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For extensive examples, see the MongoDB Ruby Tutorial
(http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Ruby+Tutorial).
Bundled with the driver are many examples, located in the "examples" subdirectory. Samples include using
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the driver and using the GridFS class GridStore. MongoDB must be running for
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these examples to work, of course.
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Here's how to start MongoDB and run the "simple.rb" example:
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$ cd path/to/mongo
$ ./mongod run
... then in another window ...
$ cd path/to/mongo-ruby-driver
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$ ruby examples/simple.rb
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See also the test code, especially test/test_db_api.rb.
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= GridFS
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Note: The GridStore class has been deprecated. Use either the Grid or GridFileSystem
classes to take advantage of GridFS.
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The Ruby driver include two abstractions for storing large files: Grid and GridFileSystem.
The Grid class is a Ruby implementation of MongoDB's GridFS file storage
specification. GridFileSystem is essentailly the same, but provides a more filesystem-like API
and assumes that filenames are unique.
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An instance of both classes represents an individual file store. See the API reference
for details, and see examples/gridfs.rb for code that uses many of the Grid
features (metadata, content type, seek, tell, etc).
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Examples:
include Mongo
# Get a database
db = Mongo::Connection.new.db('app-db')
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# GridFileSystem. Store the text "Hello, world!" in the fs.
fs = GridFileSystem.new(db)
fs.open('filename', 'w') do |f|
f.write "Hello, world!"
end
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# GridFileSystem. Output "Hello, world!"
fs = GridFileSystem.new(db)
fs.open('filename', 'r') do |f|
puts f.read
end
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# Write a file on disk to the Grid
file = File.open('image.jpg')
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grid = Grid.new(db)
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id = grid.put(file)
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# Retrieve the file
file = grid.get(id)
file.read
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# Get all the file's metata
file.filename
file.content_type
file.metadata
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= Notes
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== Thread Safety
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The driver is thread-safe.
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== Connection Pooling
As of 0.18, the driver implements connection pooling. By default, only one
socket connection will be opened to MongoDB. However, if you're running a
multi-threaded application, you can specify a maximum pool size and a maximum
timeout for waiting for old connections to be released to the pool.
To set up a pooled connection to a single MongoDB instance:
@conn = Connection.new("localhost", 27017, :pool_size => 5, :timeout => 5)
A pooled connection to a paired instance would look like this:
@conn = Connection.new({:left => ["db1.example.com", 27017],
:right => ["db2.example.com", 27017]}, nil,
:pool_size => 20, :timeout => 5)
Though the pooling architecture will undoubtedly evolve, it currently owes much credit
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to the connection pooling implementations in ActiveRecord and PyMongo.
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== Using with Phusion Passenger
When passenger is in smart spawning mode you need to be sure that child
processes forked by passenger will create a new connection to the database.
activerecord-mongo-adapter handles this for you, so if you are using that
you shouldn't need to worry about it. Otherwise you'll either need to use
conservative spawning[http://www.modrails.org/documentation/Users%20guide.html#RailsSpawnMethod]
or handle reconnecting when passenger forks a new process:
if defined?(PhusionPassenger)
PhusionPassenger.on_event(:starting_worker_process) do |forked|
if forked
# Call db.connect_to_master to reconnect here
end
end
end
The above code should be put in _environment.rb_ or in an initialization
script.
See this thread[http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user/browse_thread/thread/f31e2d23de38136a]
for more details on this issue.
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== String Encoding
The BSON ("Binary JSON") format used to communicate with Mongo requires that
strings be UTF-8 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8).
Ruby 1.9 has built-in character encoding support. All strings sent to Mongo
and received from Mongo are converted to UTF-8 when necessary, and strings
read from Mongo will have their character encodings set to UTF-8.
When used with Ruby 1.8, the bytes in each string are written to and read from
Mongo as-is. If the string is ASCII all is well, because ASCII is a subset of
UTF-8. If the string is not ASCII, it may not be a well-formed UTF-8
string.
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== Primary Keys
The field _id is a primary key. It is treated specially by the database, and
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its use makes many operations more efficient. The value of an _id may be of
any type. The database itself inserts an _id value if none is specified when
a record is inserted.
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=== Primary Key Factories
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A primary key factory is a class you supply to a DB object that knows how to
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generate _id values. If you want to control _id values or even their types,
using a PK factory lets you do so.
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You can tell the Ruby Mongo driver how to create primary keys by passing in
the :pk_factory option to the Connection#db method.
db = Mongo::Connection.new.db('dbname', :pk_factory => MyPKFactory.new)
A primary key factory object must respond to :create_pk, which should take a
hash and return a hash which merges the original hash with any primary key
fields the factory wishes to inject.
NOTE: if the object already has a primary key, the factory should not inject
a new key; this means that the object may already exist in the database.
The idea here is that whenever a record is inserted,
the :pk_factory object's +create_pk+ method will be called and
the new hash returned will be inserted.
Here is a sample primary key factory, taken from the tests:
class TestPKFactory
def create_pk(row)
row['_id'] ||= Mongo::ObjectID.new
row
end
end
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Here's a slightly more sophisticated one that handles both symbol and string
keys. This is the PKFactory that comes with the MongoRecord code (an
ActiveRecord-like framework for non-Rails apps) and the AR Mongo adapter code
(for Rails):
class PKFactory
def create_pk(row)
return row if row[:_id]
row.delete(:_id) # in case it exists but the value is nil
row['_id'] ||= Mongo::ObjectID.new
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row
end
end
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A database's PK factory object may be set either when a DB object is created
or immediately after you obtain it, but only once. The only reason it is
changeable at all is so that libraries such as MongoRecord that use this
driver can set the PK factory after obtaining the database but before using it
for the first time.
== The DB Class
=== Primary Key factories
See the section on "Primary Keys" above.
=== Strict mode
Each database has an optional strict mode. If strict mode is on, then asking
for a collection that does not exist will raise an error, as will asking to
create a collection that already exists. Note that both these operations are
completely harmless; strict mode is a programmer convenience only.
To turn on strict mode, either pass in :strict => true when obtaining a DB
object or call the :strict= method:
db = Connection.new.db('dbname', :strict => true)
# I'm feeling lax
db.strict = false
# No, I'm not!
db.strict = true
The method DB#strict? returns the current value of that flag.
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== Cursors
Random cursor fun facts:
- Cursors are enumerable.
- The query doesn't get run until you actually attempt to retrieve data from a
cursor.
- Cursors have a to_a method.
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= Testing
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If you have the source code, you can run the tests. There's a separate rake task for testing with
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the mongo_ext C extension enabled.
$ rake test:c
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Or, to test without the extension:
$ rake test:ruby
These will run both unit and functional tests. To run these tests alone:
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$ rake test:unit
$ rake test:functional
To run any individual rake tasks with the C extension enabled, just pass C_EXT=true to the task:
$ rake test:unit C_EXT=true
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If you want to test replica pairs, you can run the following tests
individually:
$ rake test:pair_count
$ rake test:pair_insert
$ rake test:pair_query
It's also possible to test replica pairs with connection pooling:
$ rake test:pooled_pair_insert
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===Shoulda and Mocha
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Running the test suite requires shoulda and mocha. You can install them as follows:
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$ gem install shoulda
$ gem install mocha
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The tests assume that the Mongo database is running on the default port. You
can override the default host (localhost) and port (Connection::DEFAULT_PORT) by
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using the environment variables MONGO_RUBY_DRIVER_HOST and
MONGO_RUBY_DRIVER_PORT.
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= Documentation
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This documentation is available online at http://api.mongodb.org/ruby. You can
generate the documentation if you have the source by typing
$ rake ydoc
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Then open the file +ydoc/index.html+.
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= Release Notes
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See HISTORY.
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= Credits
See CREDITS.
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= License
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Copyright 2008-2010 10gen Inc.
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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.