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<title>rocco.rb</title>
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<th class=docs><h1>rocco.rb</h1></th>
<th class=code></th>
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<p><strong>Rocco</strong> is a Ruby port of <a href="http://jashkenas.github.com/docco/">Docco</a>, the quick-and-dirty,
hundred-line-long, literate-programming-style documentation generator.</p>
<p>Rocco reads Ruby source files and produces annotated source documentation
in HTML format. Comments are formatted with <a href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/">Markdown</a> and presented
alongside syntax highlighted code so as to give an annotation effect.
This page is the result of running Rocco against <a href="http://github.com/rtomayko/rocco/blob/master/lib/rocco.rb#commit">its own source file</a>.</p>
<p>Most of this was written while waiting for <a href="http://nodejs.org/">node.js</a> to build (so I
could use Docco!). Docco&rsquo;s gorgeous HTML and CSS are taken verbatim.
The main difference is that Rocco is written in Ruby instead of
<a href="http://coffeescript.org/">CoffeeScript</a> and may be a bit easier to obtain and install in
existing Ruby environments or where node doesn&rsquo;t run yet.</p>
<p>Install Rocco with Rubygems:</p>
<pre><code>gem install rocco
</code></pre>
<p>Once installed, the <code>rocco</code> command can be used to generate documentation
for a set of Ruby source files:</p>
<pre><code>rocco lib/*.rb
</code></pre>
<p>The HTML files are written to the current working directory.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre></pre></div>
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<h3>Prerequisites</h3>
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<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre></pre></div>
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<p>We&rsquo;ll need a Markdown library. <a href="http://github.com/rtomayko/rdiscount">RDiscount</a>, if we&rsquo;re lucky. Otherwise,
issue a warning and fall back on using BlueCloth.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre><span class="k">begin</span>
<span class="nb">require</span> <span class="s1">&#39;rdiscount&#39;</span>
<span class="k">rescue</span> <span class="no">LoadError</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">boom</span>
<span class="nb">warn</span> <span class="s2">&quot;WARNING: </span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">boom</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">. Trying bluecloth.&quot;</span>
<span class="nb">require</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bluecloth&#39;</span>
<span class="no">Markdown</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">BlueCloth</span>
<span class="k">end</span></pre></div>
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<p>We use <a href="http://defunkt.github.com/mustache/">{{ mustache }}</a> for
HTML templating.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre><span class="nb">require</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mustache&#39;</span></pre></div>
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<p>We use <code>Net::HTTP</code> to highlight code via <a href="http://pygments.appspot.com">http://pygments.appspot.com</a></p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre><span class="nb">require</span> <span class="s1">&#39;net/http&#39;</span></pre></div>
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<p>Code is run through <a href="http://pygments.org/">Pygments</a> for syntax
highlighting. If it&rsquo;s not installed, locally, use a webservice.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre><span class="kp">include</span> <span class="no">FileTest</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="no">ENV</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;PATH&#39;</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;:&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">any?</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">dir</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">executable?</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">dir</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/pygmentize&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nb">warn</span> <span class="s2">&quot;WARNING: Pygments not found. Using webservice.&quot;</span>
<span class="k">end</span></pre></div>
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<h3>Public Interface</h3>
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<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre></pre></div>
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<p><code>Rocco.new</code> takes a source <code>filename</code>, an optional list of source filenames
for other documentation sources, an <code>options</code> hash, and an optional <code>block</code>.
The <code>options</code> hash respects two members: <code>:language</code>, which specifies which
Pygments lexer to use; and <code>:comment_chars</code>, which specifies the comment
characters of the target language. The options default to <code>'ruby'</code> and <code>'#'</code>,
respectively.
When <code>block</code> is given, it must read the contents of the file using whatever
means necessary and return it as a string. With no <code>block</code>, the file is read
to retrieve data.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Rocco</span>
<span class="no">VERSION</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;0.5&#39;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">initialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sources</span><span class="o">=[]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{},</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">block</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="vi">@file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">filename</span>
<span class="vi">@data</span> <span class="o">=</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">block_given?</span>
<span class="k">yield</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
<span class="no">File</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="n">defaults</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="ss">:language</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ruby&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="ss">:comment_chars</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;#&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="ss">:template_file</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="kp">nil</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="vi">@options</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">defaults</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">merge</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">options</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="vi">@sources</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sources</span>
<span class="vi">@comment_pattern</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">Regexp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;^</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">s*</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="vi">@options</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:comment_chars</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="se">\s</span><span class="s2">?&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="vi">@template_file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="vi">@options</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:template_file</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="vi">@sections</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">highlight</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="vi">@data</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="k">end</span></pre></div>
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<p>The filename as given to <code>Rocco.new</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="kp">attr_reader</span> <span class="ss">:file</span></pre></div>
</td>
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<p>A list of two-tuples representing each <em>section</em> of the source file. Each
item in the list has the form: <code>[docs_html, code_html]</code>, where both
elements are strings containing the documentation and source code HTML,
respectively.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="kp">attr_reader</span> <span class="ss">:sections</span></pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<p>A list of all source filenames included in the documentation set. Useful
for building an index of other files.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="kp">attr_reader</span> <span class="ss">:sources</span></pre></div>
</td>
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<p>An absolute path to a file that ought be used as a template for the
HTML-rendered documentation.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="kp">attr_reader</span> <span class="ss">:template_file</span></pre></div>
</td>
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<p>Generate HTML output for the entire document.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="nb">require</span> <span class="s1">&#39;rocco/layout&#39;</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">to_html</span>
<span class="no">Rocco</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Layout</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="vi">@template_file</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">render</span>
<span class="k">end</span></pre></div>
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<h3>Internal Parsing and Highlighting</h3>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre></pre></div>
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<p>Parse the raw file data into a list of two-tuples. Each tuple has the
form <code>[docs, code]</code> where both elements are arrays containing the
raw lines parsed from the input file. The first line is ignored if it
is a shebang line.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">sections</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[]</span>
<span class="n">docs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">[]</span>
<span class="n">lines</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">lines</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shift</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lines</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=~</span> <span class="sr">/^\#\!/</span>
<span class="n">lines</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="n">line</span>
<span class="k">when</span> <span class="vi">@comment_pattern</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">any?</span>
<span class="n">sections</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="n">docs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="n">docs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">[]</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="n">docs</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">line</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
<span class="n">code</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">line</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="n">sections</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="n">docs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">docs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">any?</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">any?</span>
<span class="n">sections</span>
<span class="k">end</span></pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id='section-16'>
<td class=docs>
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<p>Take the list of paired <em>sections</em> two-tuples and split into two
separate lists: one holding the comments with leaders removed and
one with the code blocks.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sections</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">docs_blocks</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">code_blocks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">[]</span>
<span class="n">sections</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">docs</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="n">docs_blocks</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">docs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">map</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="vi">@comment_pattern</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">code_blocks</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">map</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="n">tabs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sr">/^(\t+)/</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">tabs</span> <span class="p">?</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sr">/^\t+/</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39; &#39;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">tabs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">captures</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">line</span>
<span class="k">end</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="o">[</span><span class="n">docs_blocks</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">code_blocks</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="k">end</span></pre></div>
</td>
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<p>Take the result of <code>split</code> and apply Markdown formatting to comments and
syntax highlighting to source code.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">highlight</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">blocks</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">docs_blocks</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">code_blocks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">blocks</span></pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id='section-18'>
<td class=docs>
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<p>Combine all docs blocks into a single big markdown document with section
dividers and run through the Markdown processor. Then split it back out
into separate sections.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="n">markdown</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">docs_blocks</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n\n</span><span class="s2">##### DIVIDER</span><span class="se">\n\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">docs_html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">Markdown</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">markdown</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:smart</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="n">to_html</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="nb">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sr">/\n*&lt;h5&gt;DIVIDER&lt;\/h5&gt;\n*/m</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id='section-19'>
<td class=docs>
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</div>
<p>Combine all code blocks into a single big stream and run through either
<code>pygmentize(1)</code> or <a href="http://pygments.appspot.com">http://pygments.appspot.com</a></p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="n">code_stream</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">code_blocks</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n\n</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="vi">@options</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:comment_chars</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> DIVIDER</span><span class="se">\n\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="no">ENV</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;PATH&#39;</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;:&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">any?</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">dir</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">executable?</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">dir</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/pygmentize&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">code_html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">highlight_pygmentize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">code_stream</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
<span class="n">code_html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">highlight_webservice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">code_stream</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span></pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id='section-20'>
<td class=docs>
<div class="pilwrap">
<a class="pilcrow" href="#section-20">&#182;</a>
</div>
<p>Do some post-processing on the pygments output to split things back
into sections and remove partial <code>&lt;pre&gt;</code> blocks.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="n">code_html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">code_html</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="nb">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sr">/\n*&lt;span class=&quot;c.?&quot;&gt;</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="vi">@options</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:comment_chars</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sr"> DIVIDER&lt;\/span&gt;\n*/m</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="n">map</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sr">/\n?&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre&gt;/m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="n">map</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sr">/\n?&lt;\/pre&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\n/m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">}</span></pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id='section-21'>
<td class=docs>
<div class="pilwrap">
<a class="pilcrow" href="#section-21">&#182;</a>
</div>
<p>Lastly, combine the docs and code lists back into a list of two-tuples.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="n">docs_html</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">code_html</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span></pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id='section-22'>
<td class=docs>
<div class="pilwrap">
<a class="pilcrow" href="#section-22">&#182;</a>
</div>
<p>We <code>popen</code> a read/write pygmentize process in the parent and
then fork off a child process to write the input.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">highlight_pygmentize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">code_html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">nil</span>
<span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;|pygmentize -l </span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="vi">@options</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:language</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> -O encoding=utf-8 -f html&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;r+&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">=</span>
<span class="nb">fork</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">fd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close_read</span>
<span class="n">fd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span> <span class="n">code</span>
<span class="n">fd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close_write</span>
<span class="nb">exit!</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">fd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close_write</span>
<span class="n">code_html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span>
<span class="n">fd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close_read</span>
<span class="no">Process</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wait</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="n">code_html</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id='section-23'>
<td class=docs>
<div class="pilwrap">
<a class="pilcrow" href="#section-23">&#182;</a>
</div>
<p>Pygments is not one of those things that&rsquo;s trivial for a ruby user to install,
so we&rsquo;ll fall back on a webservice to highlight the code if it isn&rsquo;t available.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">highlight_webservice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="no">Net</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">HTTP</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post_form</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="no">URI</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;http://pygments.appspot.com/&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;lang&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="vi">@options</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;language&#39;</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;code&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">body</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">end</span></pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id='section-24'>
<td class=docs>
<div class="pilwrap">
<a class="pilcrow" href="#section-24">&#182;</a>
</div>
<p>And that&rsquo;s it.</p>
</td>
<td class=code>
<div class='highlight'><pre></pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
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