Jasmine

YET ANOTHER JavaScript testing framework

Why Another Frickin' JS TDD/BDD Framework?

There are some situations when you want to test-drive JavaScript, but you don't want to be bothered with or even have an explicit document. You have no DOM to work with and thus lack HTML elements on which to hang event handlers. You may need to make asynchronous calls (say, to an AJAX API) and cannot mock/stub them.

But you still need to write tests.

What's an Agile Engineer to do?

Enter Jasmine

Jasmine is yet another JavaScript testing framework. It's heavily influenced by JSSpec, ScrewUnit & JSpec, which are all influenced by RSpec. But each of those was lacking in some way: JSSpec & ScrewUnit require a DOM. JSpec's DOM-less assumption was a great start, but it needed asynchronous support.

So we started over. And TDD'd a whole new framework. Enjoy.

How To

There is a nice example of how to use Jasmine in the /example directory. But here's more information.

Specs

Each spec is, naturally, a JavaScript function. You tell Jasmine about this spec with a call to it() with a name and the function. The string is a description that will be helpful to you when reading a report.

Your spec needs to call runs() with another function that is the actual spec. More on why in a moment. Here's an example:

it('should be a test', function () {
  runs(function () {
    var foo = 0
    foo++;
  });
});

Expectations

Within your spec you will want/need to make expectations. These are made like this:

it('should be a test', function () {
  runs(function () {
    var foo = 0
    foo++;

    this.expects_that(foo).should_equal(1);
  });
});

Results of the expectations are logged for later for reporting.

Multiple Calls to runs() & Scope in Your Spec

Your spec can call runs() multiple times if you need to break your spec up for any reason. Say, for async support (see next section). To allow you to share variables across your runs() functions, this is set to the spec itself. For example:

it('should be a test', function () {
  runs(function () {
    this.foo = 0
    this.foo++;

    this.expects_that(this.foo).should_equal(1);
  });

  runs(function () {
    this.foo++;

    this.expects_that(this.foo).should_equal(2);
  })
});

Functions defined with runs() are called in the order in which they are defined.

Asynchronous Specs

You may be asking yourself, "Self, why would I ever need to break up my tests into pieces like this?" The answer is when dealing with asynchronous function calls.

Say you need to make a call that is asynchronous - an AJAX API, or some other JavaScript library. That is, the call returns immediately, yet you want to make expectations 'at some point in the future' after some magic happens in the background.

Jasmine allows you to do this by chaining calls to runs() with calls to waits(). You supply a time to wait before the next runs() function is executed. Such as:

it('should be a test', function () {
  runs(function () {
    this.foo = 0;
    var that = this;
    setTimeout(function () {
      that.foo++;
    }, 250);
  });

  runs(function () {
    this.expects_that(this.foo).should_equal(0);
  });  

  waits(500);

  runs(function () {
    this.expects_that(this.foo).should_equal(1);
  });
});

What's happening here?

• The first call to runs() sets call for 1/4 of a second in the future that increments this.foo.
• The second runs() is executed immediately and then verifies that this.foo was indeed initialized to zero in the previous runs().
• Then we wait for half a second.
• Then the last call to runs() expects that this.foo was incremented by the setTimeout.

Suites

Specs are grouped in Suites. Suites are defined using the global describe() function:

describe('One suite', function () {
  it('has a test', function () { 
    ...
  });	

  it('has another test', function () {
    ...
  });
});

The name is so that reporting is more descriptive.

Suites are executed in the order in which describe() calls are made, usually in the order in which their script files are included.

Runner

You don't need a DOM to run your tests, but you do need a page on which to load & execute your JS. Include the jasmine.js file in a script tag as well as the JS file with your specs. You can also use this page for reporting. More on that in a moment.

// include example.html

Reports

no reporting yet other than Runner.results, which is walkable

JSON Reporter

Coming soon.

HTML Reporter

Coming soon.

In-line HTML Reporter

Coming soon.

Custom Matchers

Jasmine has a simple set of matchers - currently just should_equal and should_not_equal. But Matchers can be extended simply to add new expectations. We use Douglas Crockford's Function.method() helper to define new Matchers.

A Matcher has a method name, takes an expected value as it's only parameter, has access to the actual value in this, and then makes a call to this.report with true/false with a failure message. Here's the definition of should_equal():

Matchers.method('should_equal', function (expected) {
  return this.report((this.actual === expected),
      'Expected ' + expected + ' but got ' + this.actual + '.');
});

Feel free to define your own matcher as needed in your code. If you'd like to add Matchers to Jasmine, please write tests.

Contributing and Tests

Sometimes it's hard to test a framework with the framework itself. Either the framework isn't mature enough or it just hurts your head. Jasmine is affected by both.

So we made a little bootstrappy test reporter that lets us test Jasmine's pieces in isolation. See test/bootstrap.js. Feel free to use the bootstrap test suite to test your custom Matchers or extensions/changes to Jasmine.

Your contributions are welcome. Please submit tests with your pull request.

Maintainers

• Davis W. Frank, Pivotal Labs
• Rajan Agaskar, Pivotal Labs

TODO List

In no particular order:

• protect the global-ness of some variables & functions
• Suite beforeAll and afterAll functions
• add a description to runs()
• suite.beforeAll and suite.afterAll
• JSON reporter
• HTML reporter
• HTML reporter (callback driven)