vga-logic-processor-examples/vga.asm

PUBLIC _enableUnchainedVGAMode
PUBLIC _enableTextMode
PUBLIC _fillScreen
PUBLIC _latchCopyCube
PUBLIC _drawColorCube
PUBLIC _writeCube
PUBLIC _keyboardPressed
PUBLIC keyboardHandler_

DISPLAY_MODE_VGA equ 13h
DISPLAY_MODE_TEXT equ 03h

VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_INDEX equ 0x3c4
VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_DATA equ 0x3c5
VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_MEMORY_MODE equ 0x04

VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_MAP_MASK_MODE equ 0x02

VGA_GRAPHICS_MODE_INDEX equ 0x3CE
VGA_GRAPHICS_MODE equ 0x05

VGA_CRT_CONTROLLER_INDEX equ 0x03d4
VGA_CRT_CONTROLLER_DATA equ 0x03d5
VGA_CRT_CONTROLLER_UNDERLINE_LOC equ 0x14
VGA_CRT_CONTROLLER_MODE_CONTROL equ 0x17

.386
.model flat,c

.DATA

_keyboardPressed db 0

.CODE

keyboardHandler_:
  cli
  push eax
  push ebx

  ; put scancode into bl
  in al, 0x60
  mov bl, al

  ; acknowledge keyboard
  in al, 0x61
  mov ah, al
  or al, 0x80
  out 0x61, al
  xchg ah, al
  out 0x61, al

  ; a key is pressed if the topmost bit of the scancode is 0
  and bl,0x80
  jne _keyboardHandler_notKeydown

  mov [_keyboardPressed], 1
_keyboardHandler_notKeydown:
  ; acknowledge interrupt
  mov al, 0x20
  out 0x20, al

  pop ebx
  pop eax
  sti
  ; return from the interrupt in a way that preserves the calling stack
  iretd


_enableUnchainedVGAMode:
  mov ax,0x0013;
  int 0x10

  mov dx, VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_INDEX
  mov al, VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_MEMORY_MODE
  mov ah, 0x06
  out dx, ax

  mov dx, VGA_CRT_CONTROLLER_INDEX
  mov al, VGA_CRT_CONTROLLER_MODE_CONTROL
  mov ah, 0xe3
  out dx, ax

  mov dx, VGA_CRT_CONTROLLER_INDEX
  mov al, VGA_CRT_CONTROLLER_UNDERLINE_LOC
  mov ah, 0x00
  out dx, ax

  ret


_enableTextMode:
  mov ah,0h
  mov al,DISPLAY_MODE_TEXT
  int 10h
  ret


_fillScreen:
  push ebp
  mov ebp, esp

  ; set all bitplanes
  mov dx, VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_INDEX
  mov al, 0x02
  mov ah, 0x0f
  out dx, ax

  push ebx
    push ecx
      push edx
        sub eax,eax
        mov al, [ebp+8] ; requested color

        ; we can write a long at a time and let the bus
        ; and BIU work out the details. on a 16-bit ISA
        ; bus with a 16-bit VGA card, this will be faster
        ; than byte writes
        sub edx,edx
        add dl,al
        shl edx,8
        add dl,al
        shl edx,8
        add dl,al
        shl edx,8
        add dl,al

        ; with all planes selected we only need to fill 16000 bytes of data
        ; and we're filling them four bytes at a time
        mov cx, 4000
        mov ebx, 0xA0000 ; VGA base address
_fillScreen_loop:
        mov DWORD PTR [ebx], edx
        add ebx,4
        loop _fillScreen_loop
      pop edx
    pop ecx
  pop ebx

  mov esp,ebp
  pop ebp

  ret


_drawColorCube:
  push ebp
  mov ebp, esp
  sub esp, 4 ; y
  push ebx
  push ecx
  push edx

  ; write to all planes
  mov dx, VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_INDEX
  mov al, VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_MAP_MASK_MODE
  mov ah, 0xf
  out dx, ax

  ; write out host data only
  mov dx, VGA_GRAPHICS_MODE_INDEX
  mov al, 0x03
  mov ah, 0x00
  out dx, ax

  ; disable set/reset registers
  mov al, 0x00
  mov ah, 0x00
  out dx, ax

  mov al, 0x01
  mov ah, 0x00
  out dx, ax

  mov DWORD PTR [ebp-4], 16 ; y
  mov cx,[ebp-4]

  ; offset is [ebp+8]
  mov bh,[ebp+12]; color

_drawColorCube_yLoop:
  mov [ebp-4],cx

  ; put the VGA write offset into eax
  mov eax,[ebp-4]
  dec eax
  mov bl,80
  mul bl
  add eax,[ebp+8]
  add eax,0xa0000

  mov cx, 4
_drawColorCube_xLoop:
  mov [eax],bh ; write color four bytes at a time
  inc eax

  loop _drawColorCube_xLoop

  mov cx, [ebp-4]
  loop _drawColorCube_yLoop

  pop edx
  pop ecx
  pop ebx
  mov esp, ebp
  pop ebp
  ret


_writeCube:
  push ebp
  mov ebp,esp
  ; we need a y variable
  sub esp,4

  push ebx
  push ecx
  push edx

  ; [ebp+8] is x offset
  ; [ebp+12] is data rotate
  ; [ebp+16] is set/reset
  ; [ebp+20] is enable set/reset

  ; enable Logical Operation and host data shifts
  mov dx, VGA_GRAPHICS_MODE_INDEX
  mov al, 0x03
  mov ah, [ebp+12]
  out dx, ax

  ; enable set/reset registers
  mov dx, VGA_GRAPHICS_MODE_INDEX
  mov al, 0x00
  mov ah, [ebp+16]
  out dx, ax

  mov dx, VGA_GRAPHICS_MODE_INDEX
  mov al, 0x01
  mov ah, [ebp+20]
  out dx, ax

  mov DWORD PTR [ebp-4],16
  mov cx,[ebp-4]

_writeCube_yLoop:
  mov [ebp-4],cx

  ; determine the offset within VGA memory to write this line to
  ; and put it in eax
  mov eax,[ebp-4]
  dec eax
  mov bl,80
  mul bl
  add eax,0xA0000

  ; 16 pixels across
  mov cx,16
_writeCube_xLoop:
  push eax
    ; get the plane to write to in bl
    push ecx
      dec ecx
      and ecx,0x03
      mov bl,1
      shl bl,cl
    pop ecx

    ; write to one plane
    mov dx, VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_INDEX
    mov al, VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_MAP_MASK_MODE
    mov ah, bl
    out dx, ax

    ; select color to write into bl
    mov ax,[ebp-4]
    dec ax
    mov bl,16
    mul bl
    add al,cl
    mov bl,al
  pop eax

  push edx
    push ecx
      ; select the correct pixel offset (x / 4) and write the color
      dec ecx
      shr ecx,2
      add ecx,[ebp+8]
      mov BYTE PTR [eax+ecx],bl
    pop ecx
  pop edx

  loop _writeCube_xLoop

  mov cx,[ebp-4]
  loop _writeCube_yLoop

  pop edx
  pop ecx
  pop ebx

  mov esp,ebp
  pop ebp
  ret


_latchCopyCube:
  push ebp
  mov ebp, esp
  ; we need a y variable
  sub esp,4 ; y

  push edx
  push ebx

  ; accept a mode
  ; accept a mix value
  ; accept an x offset

  ; [ebp+8] is x offset
  ; [ebp+12] is written value
  ; [ebp+16] is data rotate register
  ; [ebp+20] is set/reset register
  ; [ebp+24] is enable set/reset register

  ; write to all planes
  mov dx, VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_INDEX
  mov al, VGA_SEQUENCE_CONTROLLER_MAP_MASK_MODE
  mov ah, 0xf
  out dx, ax

  ; enable Logical Operation and host data shifts
  mov dx, VGA_GRAPHICS_MODE_INDEX
  mov al, 0x03
  mov ah, [ebp+16]
  out dx, ax

  ; enable set/reset registers
  mov dx, VGA_GRAPHICS_MODE_INDEX
  mov al, 0x00
  mov ah, [ebp+20]
  out dx, ax

  mov dx, VGA_GRAPHICS_MODE_INDEX
  mov al, 0x01
  mov ah, [ebp+24]
  out dx, ax

  mov dh, [ebp+12]

  mov DWORD PTR [ebp-4],16 ; y
  ; read across the cube, should take 4 * 16 reads
  mov cx,[ebp-4]
_latchCopyCube_yLoop:
  mov [ebp-4],cx ; put y back in loop

  mov eax,[ebp-4] ; put y in eax
  dec eax ; offset by 1 for loop
  ; can only multiply in eax by register
  mov bl,80
  mul bl ; number of lines
  add eax,0xa0000 ; vga base address

  ; keep our index handy
  mov ebx, [ebp+8]

  ; start x loop
  mov cx,4
_latchCopyCube_xLoop:
  ; fill latches via memory read
  mov dl, BYTE PTR [eax]

  ; write blank
  mov BYTE PTR [eax+ebx], dh

  ; increment vga pointer
  inc eax

  ; loop until x is 0
  loop _latchCopyCube_xLoop

  ; restore y for looping
  mov cx,[ebp-4]

  ; loop until y is 0
  loop _latchCopyCube_yLoop

_done:

  ; put things back
  pop ebx
  pop edx
  mov esp,ebp
  pop ebp
  ret

end